Le 11 août 1937 meurt à Saint-Brice-sous-Forêt, aujourd'hui dans le Val-d'Oise, la femme de lettres américaine Edith Wharton. Elle est enterrée au cimetière de Versailles aux côtés de Walter Berry. Installée depuis 1910 au 53, rue de Varennes, à Paris, Edith Wharton, qui vient de mettre fin à sa relation passionnée avec Morton Fullerton, noue une nouvelle liaison amoureuse avec Walter Berry. Dans le même temps, elle entreprend une procédure de divorce avec Teddy Wharton. Les époux Wharton mettent en vente leur somptueuse maison du Massachussetts (« The Mount »). Puis se séparent définitivement en 1913. À Paris, Faubourg Saint-Germain, Edith Wharton, avide de relations humaines, mène une vie mondaine. Elle fréquente notamment Jacques-Émile Blanche, Anna de Noailles ainsi que l'historien d'art Louis Gillet. Parmi ses amis : Henry James, Howard Sturges, Morton Fullerton et Percy Lubbock. En mai 1921, Edith Wharton reçoit le prix Pulitzer pour son roman Le Temps de l'innocence (The Age of Innocence, 1920). C'est la première fois que le prix Pulitzer est décerné à une femme. Roman à résonance autobiographique, Le Temps de l'innocence, peinture sans concession de l'aristocratie new-yorkaise dans les années 1870, en proie à la rigidité de conventions paralysantes et destructrices, « restitue à merveille l'atmosphère à la fois frivole et cruelle de ces Américains aisés au milieu desquels d'autres, moins fortunés ou roués, disparaissent comme dans un gouffre. » Dans cet univers occupé à se protéger de tout ce qui pourrait atteindre son « innocence », Newland Archer est pris en étau entre deux postulations contradictoires : l'innocence en la personne de May Welland, « fiancée-femme idéale », conforme aux attentes de la bonne société, et sa passion pour l'obsédante comtesse Olenska. C’est sur ce canevas qu’est né le roman d'Edith Wharton. Ce roman a été adapté pour le théâtre et le cinéma, et notamment par Martin Scorsese en 1993. Katharine Cornell dans le rôle de la comtesse Ellen Olenska The Age of Innocence, 1928 pièce adaptée du roman d'Edith Wharton par Margaret Ayer Barnes EXTRAIT Archer was angry: so angry that he came near scribbling a word on his card and going away; then he remembered that in writing to Madame Olenska he had been kept by excess of discretion from saying that he wished to see her privately. He had therefore no one but himself to blame if she had opened her doors to other visitors; and he entered the drawing-room with the dogged determination to make Beaufort feel himself in the way, and to outstay him. The banker stood leaning against the mantelshelf, which was draped with an old embroidery held in place by brass candelabra containing church candies of yellowish wax. He had thrust his chest out, supporting his shoulders against the mantel and resting his weight on one large patent-leather foot. As Archer entered he was smiling and looking down on his hostess, who sat on a sofa placed at right angles to the chimney. A table banked with flowers formed a screen behind it, and against the orchids and azaleas which the young man recognised as tributes from the Beaufort hot-houses, Madame Olenska sat half-reclined, her head propped on a hand and her wide sleeve leaving the arm bare to the elbow. It was usual for ladies who received in the evenings to wear what were called "simple dinner dresses": a close-fitting armour of whale-boned silk, slightly open in the neck, with lace ruffles filling in the crack, and tight sleeves with a flounce uncovering just enough wrist to show an Etruscan gold bracelet or a velvet band. But Madame Olenska, heedless of tradition, was attired in a long robe of red velvet bordered about the chin and down the front with glossy black fur. Archer remembered, on his last visit to Paris, seeing a portrait by the new painter, Carolus Duran, whose pictures were the sensation of the Salon, in which the lady wore one of these bold sheath-like robes with her chin nestling in fur. There was something perverse and provocative in the notion of fur worn in the evening in a heated drawing-room, and in the combination of a muffled throat and bare arms; but the effect was undeniably pleasing. "Lord love us ― three whole days at Skuytercliff!" Beaufort was saying in his loud sneering voice as Archer entered. "You'd better take all your furs, and a hot-water-bottle." "Why? Is the house so cold?" she asked, holding out her left hand to Archer in a way mysteriously suggesting that she expected him to kiss it. "No; but the missus is," said Beaufort, nodding carelessly to the young man. "But I thought her so kind. She came herself to invite me. Granny says I must certainly go." "Granny would, of course. And I say it's a shame you're going to miss the little oyster supper I'd planned for you at Delmonico's next Sunday, with Campanini and Scalchi and a lot of jolly people." She looked doubtfully from the banker to Archer. "Ah ― that does tempt me! Except the other evening at Mrs. Struthers's I've not met a single artist since I've been here." "What kind of artists? I know one or two painters, very good fellows, that I could bring to see you if you'd allow me," said Archer boldly. "Painters? Are there painters in New York?" asked Beaufort, in a tone implying that there could be none since he did not buy their pictures; and Madame Olenska said to Archer, with her grave smile: "That would be charming. But I was really thinking of dramatic artists, singers, actors, musicians. My husband's house was always full of them." She said the words "my husband" as if no sinister associations were connected with them, and in a tone that seemed almost to sigh over the lost delights of her married life. Archer looked at her perplexedly, wondering if it were lightness or dissimulation that enabled her to touch so easily on the past at the very moment when she was risking her reputation in order to break with it.
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EDITH WHARTON ■ Edith Wharton sur Terres de femmes ▼ → 24 janvier 1862 | Naissance d’Edith Wharton ■ Voir aussi ▼ → (sur en.wikipedia) la page consacrée à The Age of Innocence → (sur The Literature Network) le texte intégral de The Age of Innocence |
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